Basic concept category

Photovoltaic power generation has significant energy, environmental and economic benefits, and is one of the highest quality green energy sources.

Under the average sunshine conditions in China, installing a 1 kW distributed photovoltaic system can generate 1200 kWh of electricity per year, reduce the use of coal (standard coal) by about 400 kg, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 1 ton.

According to the research results of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), in terms of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, installing 1 square meter of photovoltaic power generation system is equivalent to planting 100 square meters of afforestation. At present, developing renewable energy such as photovoltaic power generation will be one of the effective means to fundamentally solve environmental problems such as haze and acid rain.

Photovoltaic power generation refers to the use of solar photovoltaic cells to directly convert solar radiation into electrical energy. Photovoltaic power generation is the mainstream of solar power generation today.

Distributed photovoltaic system refers to the construction near user sites, generally connected belowElectricity generated by power grids with voltage levels of 35kV and belowA photovoltaic power generation facility that focuses on on-site consumption and is characterized by balanced regulation in the distribution system. The operation mode of distributed photovoltaic systems includes self use, surplus electricity grid connection, and full grid connection. Spontaneous self use and surplus electricity grid connection refer to the priority use of electricity generated by distributed photovoltaic power generation systems by power users, and the excess electricity is connected to the grid; Full grid connection refers to the integration of all electricity generated by distributed photovoltaic power generation systems into the power grid.

Distributed power generation follows the principles of adapting to local conditions, clean and efficient, decentralized layout, and nearby utilization, fully utilizing local solar energy resources to replace and reduce fossil energy consumption.

Distributed photovoltaic systems integrated with buildings are currently an important application form of distributed photovoltaic systems, with rapid technological progress, mainly manifested in the installation methods integrated with buildings and the electrical design of building photovoltaics. According to the different installation methods combined with buildings, it can be divided into Building Integrated PV (BIPV) and Building Attached PV (BAPV). The definition is as follows:

BIPV: A photovoltaic system that uses specially designed specialized photovoltaic modules to replace existing building materials or components during installation and integrate with the building. Dismantling photovoltaic modules will render the building unusable. Photovoltaic modules not only need to meet the functional requirements of photovoltaic power generation, but also must first meet the basic functional requirements of buildings, such as durability, thermal insulation, waterproof and moisture-proof, appropriate strength and stiffness. Common types include photovoltaic tiles, photovoltaic curtain walls, photovoltaic ceilings, photovoltaic windows, and photovoltaic sunshades or sun visors.

BAPV: A photovoltaic system that uses ordinary photovoltaic modules and is installed on the original building, without replacing building materials or components. It is directly installed on the roof or attached to the wall. Demolishing the photovoltaic modules on this building will not affect the basic functions of the original building.

Household distributed photovoltaic system refers to a distributed photovoltaic system constructed using buildings within the scope of a natural person's homestead, such as self owned residences and ancillary facilities. Household distributed photovoltaic systems typically have characteristics such as small installation capacity, low voltage level grid connection, simplified filing and grid connection processes.

The household distributed photovoltaic power generation system consists of photovoltaic arrays (photovoltaic arrays are composed of photovoltaic modules in series and parallel), photovoltaic inverters, photovoltaic brackets, photovoltaic grid cages, controllers (optional), battery packs (optional), AC/DC cables, and other parts.

The core component of a photovoltaic power generation system is the photovoltaic module, which is composed of photovoltaic cells connected in series, parallel, and encapsulated. It directly converts solar energy into electrical energy.

The electricity generated by photovoltaic modules is direct current, which can be converted into alternating current using an inverter or transmitted entirely to the public grid. From another perspective, the electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation systems can be generated and used immediately, or stored in energy storage devices such as batteries and released for use as needed.